6-Keto Diosgenin Explained

 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate: Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects & Why It’s Used in Sports Nutrition

6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is one of those supplement ingredients that sounds like it belongs in a hardcore prohormone formula — and that’s exactly where many people first see it. It’s commonly marketed as a plant-derived anabolic compound used to support muscle growth, recovery, strength, and performance.

But what exactly is it? Is it a steroid? Does it actually build muscle? And is there any research behind it?

Let’s break it down.

What Is 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate?

6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is a modified form of diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroidal sapogenin found in plants, especially wild yam species from the Dioscorea family.

Diosgenin itself is not an anabolic steroid, but it has a steroid-like chemical backbone. Because of that structure, diosgenin has historically been used by the pharmaceutical industry as a raw material to synthesize steroid hormones in a laboratory setting.

The “6-keto” portion refers to a structural modification, while “acetate” refers to an acetate ester attached to the molecule. In supplement marketing, this is often positioned as a way to improve activity, absorption, or delivery, though there is not much published human research specifically proving these claims for 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate.

Where Does It Come From?

6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is generally associated with wild yam-derived diosgenin.

Diosgenin is commonly found in plants such as:

• Dioscorea villosa, also known as wild yam
• Dioscorea nipponica
• Dioscorea zingiberensis
• Dioscorea tokoro
• Fenugreek in smaller amounts

Historically, wild yam and other Dioscorea species were valued because they contained steroidal saponins. These compounds became especially important in the 20th century because diosgenin could be chemically converted in laboratories into steroid drugs such as progesterone, pregnenolone, cortisone, and other hormones.

That history is one big reason ingredients like diosgenin and 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate became popular in bodybuilding and sports nutrition.

A Quick History of Diosgenin

Diosgenin was first isolated in the 1930s and later became extremely important in pharmaceutical chemistry. Scientists discovered that diosgenin from wild yam could be used as a starting material for steroid hormone production.

This does not mean eating wild yam or taking diosgenin automatically turns into testosterone, progesterone, or DHEA inside the body.

That’s one of the biggest misconceptions.

The human body does not convert diosgenin into anabolic hormones the same way a laboratory can. The conversion requires chemical processing. So while diosgenin has a real steroid-related history, that does not mean 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate acts like testosterone or anabolic steroids.

What Is 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate Used For?

In dietary supplements, 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is typically used for:

• Muscle building formulas
• Natural anabolic products
• Prohormone-style supplements
• Strength support products
• Recovery formulas
• Body recomposition supplements
• Testosterone support stacks

It is usually marketed toward athletes, bodybuilders, and lifters looking for a natural alternative to harsher hormonal products.

Why Is It Popular in Sports Nutrition and Prohormones?

6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate became popular because it sits in a gray area between “natural anabolic” ingredients and more aggressive prohormone-style compounds.

Supplement companies like it because:

1. It is plant-derived.
2. It has a steroidal sapogenin structure.
3. It is related to diosgenin, which has interesting preclinical muscle and metabolic research.
4. It sounds more advanced than basic herbal extracts.
5. It can be marketed as non-hormonal or less suppressive than traditional prohormones.

That last point is important.

Many prohormones work by converting into active hormones or hormone-like compounds in the body. 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is usually marketed differently — more as a “natural anabolic support” ingredient than a true hormonal prohormone.

However, because direct research on 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is limited, many claims are based on diosgenin research, theoretical mechanisms, or supplement industry usage rather than direct clinical trials.

Potential Benefits of 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate

1. May Support Muscle Growth

The main reason people take 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is for muscle growth.

There is limited direct research on 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate itself, but diosgenin has shown some interesting effects in preclinical studies.

One animal and cell study found that diosgenin supplementation increased skeletal muscle fiber diameter and area in rats. The researchers also found that diosgenin promoted myoblast fusion in C2C12 muscle cells, which is an important part of muscle development.

This does not prove that 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate builds muscle in humans, but it does help explain why diosgenin-based ingredients are being explored for sports nutrition.

2. May Help With Muscle Recovery

Diosgenin has been studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which may be relevant for exercise recovery.

Hard training creates oxidative stress and inflammation. Some of that is normal and even necessary for adaptation, but too much can slow recovery and increase soreness.

Research in C2C12 muscle cells has shown that diosgenin may help protect muscle cells from oxidative stress by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and supporting antioxidant defenses.

Again, this is not the same as a human trial on 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate, but it suggests diosgenin-related compounds may have recovery-supporting potential.

3. May Support an Anabolic Environment

6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is often described as a natural anabolic support ingredient.

In plain English, that means it is marketed to help the body stay in a more muscle-building, less muscle-wasting state.

The theory is that diosgenin-based compounds may influence pathways related to:

• Muscle protein balance
• Myoblast differentiation
• Oxidative stress
• Inflammation
• Cellular energy metabolism

Some research has linked diosgenin to AMPK activity and muscle cell differentiation, but we still need more human studies to know how meaningful this is for lifters.

4. May Support Body Composition

Some diosgenin studies suggest potential effects on lipid metabolism and body composition.

In a rat study, diosgenin reduced liver triglycerides and intra-abdominal visceral fat while also increasing skeletal muscle fiber size. This makes diosgenin interesting from a recomposition standpoint, though animal data does not always translate directly to humans.

For supplement users, this is why 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is sometimes included in products designed to support lean mass, hardness, and reduced fat gain during a bulking or recomp phase.

5. May Provide Antioxidant Support

Diosgenin appears to have antioxidant properties in preclinical research.

One study found that diosgenin helped protect C2C12 muscle cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. It helped reduce cellular damage, supported mitochondrial stability, and improved antioxidant enzyme activity.

For athletes, antioxidant support may be useful during intense training blocks, although you still don’t want to completely blunt normal training adaptation.

Does 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate Increase Testosterone?

There is currently no strong human evidence showing that 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate significantly increases testosterone.

This is where supplement marketing can get misleading.

Diosgenin can be used to make steroid hormones in a laboratory, but your body does not naturally convert diosgenin into testosterone. So while it may be “steroid-like” from a chemistry standpoint, that does not mean it acts like testosterone in the body.

If a product claims 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate works exactly like a prohormone or dramatically raises testosterone, that claim should be viewed carefully.

Is 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate a Steroid?

Technically, it is related to plant steroidal compounds because diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin.

But it is not the same thing as an anabolic steroid.

A better way to describe it would be:

6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is a plant-derived diosgenin analog used in sports supplements for its proposed anabolic, recovery, and body composition benefits.

It should not be confused with synthetic anabolic steroids or prescription hormones.

Dosage

There is no officially established clinical dosage for 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate.

Most supplements that use it commonly provide around:

25 mg to 100 mg per serving

Some products may use higher total amounts when combining multiple diosgenin esters, such as acetate, propionate, cypionate, or decanoate forms.

Because research is limited, the best approach is to follow the label directions of the specific product you are using and avoid stacking multiple products that contain similar ingredients.

Side Effects

Because there are not many human studies on 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate specifically, the full side effect profile is not well established.

Possible side effects may include:

• Upset stomach
• Nausea
• Headache
• Acne or oily skin in sensitive users
• Changes in mood or libido
• Sleep disruption if stacked with stimulants
• Hormonal-type effects are possible but not well documented

People who are pregnant, breastfeeding, under 18, or dealing with hormone-sensitive conditions should avoid using it unless directed by a healthcare professional.

You should also speak with a doctor before using it if you take medications for hormones, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, or liver health.

Does It Require PCT?

Most brands market 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate as a non-hormonal or low-suppression anabolic support ingredient.

Because it is not clearly established as a true prohormone, a traditional post-cycle therapy is not typically discussed the same way it would be with hormonal compounds.

That said, if a product combines 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate with stronger prohormones, SARMs, or hormonal ingredients, then the overall formula may carry different risks.

Always evaluate the entire supplement facts panel, not just one ingredient.

Final Thoughts

6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate is an interesting sports nutrition ingredient with a strong connection to wild yam, diosgenin, and the history of steroid chemistry.

It is popular because it sounds anabolic, comes from plant-based steroidal compounds, and is often used in muscle-building and prohormone-style formulas. The related compound diosgenin has shown promising effects in animal and cell studies involving muscle fiber size, myoblast fusion, antioxidant activity, and lipid metabolism.

However, the key thing to remember is this:

There is very limited direct human research on 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate itself.

That does not mean it is useless, but it does mean some marketing claims are ahead of the science. It may be best viewed as a natural anabolic support ingredient with promising but still early evidence, rather than a proven testosterone booster or steroid replacement.

For serious lifters, 6-Keto Diosgenin Acetate may be worth considering as part of a well-formulated muscle-building supplement, but it should still be paired with the basics: progressive training, enough calories, high protein intake, sleep, and consistency.

What is Dioscorea Makino and Why is it Popping Up in Sports Nutrition Supplements Everywhere

 Dioscorea Makino Explained: Benefits, Dosage, Studies & Why It's Showing Up in Muscle Building Supplements

If you've been paying attention to newer muscle building supplements, testosterone boosters, or sports nutrition formulas, you've probably noticed an ingredient called Dioscorea Makino appearing on labels. While it may sound like an exotic botanical, this ingredient actually has a long history in traditional Asian medicine and has recently gained attention for its potential effects on muscle recovery, inflammation, and anabolic signaling.

Unlike many trendy supplement ingredients, Dioscorea Makino isn't included simply because it's a plant extract. Researchers have identified numerous bioactive steroidal saponins within the plant that may influence muscle metabolism, recovery, inflammation, and hormone-related pathways. However, it's also one of the more misunderstood ingredients on the market, with some supplement companies making claims that extend well beyond what the current research actually supports.

Here's everything you need to know.

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What Is Dioscorea Makino?

Dioscorea Makino, more accurately known as Dioscorea nipponica Makino, is a species of wild yam belonging to the Dioscoreaceae family. It grows naturally throughout:

• China
• Japan
• Korea
• Parts of eastern Russia

Unlike the sweet potatoes or yams commonly eaten as vegetables, this species has traditionally been valued as a medicinal herb. The underground rhizome contains high concentrations of steroidal saponins, naturally occurring plant compounds that have become the primary focus of modern research.

Some of the most important compounds include:

• Dioscin
• Diosgenin
• Protodioscin
• Pseudoprotodioscin
• Protogracillin

These compounds are responsible for most of the biological activity associated with Dioscorea Makino.

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A Long History in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Dioscorea nipponica has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for centuries under the name Chuanshanlong.

Historically, practitioners used the dried rhizome to help support:

• Joint comfort
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Muscle soreness
• Lower back pain
• Chronic bronchitis
• Asthma
• Poor circulation
• Bruises and sprains

Traditional practitioners believed the herb helped "invigorate blood circulation" while supporting the lungs, kidneys, and liver.

Modern research has identified numerous anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds that may help explain many of these traditional uses.

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Why Is Dioscorea Makino Used in Bodybuilding Supplements?

The biggest reason Dioscorea Makino has become popular in sports nutrition is because it contains steroidal saponins.

It's important to understand what this means.

Steroidal saponins are not anabolic steroids, nor do they contain testosterone.

Instead, researchers believe these plant compounds may influence several pathways involved in:

• Muscle protein turnover
• Recovery
• Exercise-induced inflammation
• Muscle cell differentiation
• Healthy androgen metabolism

Because of these properties, supplement companies frequently include Dioscorea Makino in:

• Natural anabolic supplements
• Testosterone support formulas
• Muscle builders
• Recovery products
• Strength supplements
• Body recomposition stacks

Several companies also standardize their extracts for protodioscin, believing this is one of the most active constituents.

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Does Dioscorea Makino Increase Testosterone?

This is where marketing often gets ahead of the science.

Currently, there is no strong human evidence showing that Dioscorea nipponica directly raises testosterone levels in healthy adults.

Many supplement advertisements cite its steroidal saponin content as evidence of testosterone support, but steroidal saponins are not converted into testosterone in the human body.

Researchers have shown that diosgenin, one of the primary compounds found in wild yams, serves as an industrial starting material for manufacturing steroid hormones in pharmaceutical laboratories. However, the human body cannot perform this chemical conversion after you swallow a supplement.

That distinction is incredibly important.

While certain animal studies and limited human research involving other Dioscorea species suggest possible effects on androgen-related hormones, these findings should not be interpreted as proof that Dioscorea Makino functions like testosterone or anabolic steroids in people.

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Potential Benefits of Dioscorea Makino

1. May Help Support Muscle Recovery

One of the most interesting areas of research involves muscle recovery after injury or disuse.

A 2020 study published in the Journal of Functional Foods investigated Dioscorea nipponica extract in laboratory and animal models of skeletal muscle atrophy.

Researchers found the extract:

• Promoted muscle cell differentiation
• Reduced muscle protein breakdown
• Lowered expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1, two proteins heavily involved in muscle wasting
• Reduced activation of NF-κB, an inflammatory pathway associated with muscle loss

The researchers concluded that Dioscorea nipponica may help support recovery from skeletal muscle atrophy through its anti-inflammatory effects and regulation of muscle protein metabolism.

While these findings are promising, they are preclinical, meaning they have not yet been confirmed in large human resistance-training studies.

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2. May Reduce Exercise-Induced Inflammation

Heavy resistance training creates temporary inflammation that helps stimulate muscle adaptation.

However, excessive or prolonged inflammation can slow recovery.

Numerous laboratory studies show that steroidal saponins from Dioscorea nipponica reduce inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers.

Researchers have observed reductions in:

• TNF-α
• IL-6
• NF-κB activation
• Reactive oxygen species

These effects may contribute to faster recovery following strenuous exercise.

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3. Powerful Antioxidant Activity

Exercise increases oxidative stress.

Although some oxidative stress is beneficial for adaptation, excessive free radical production can contribute to fatigue and slower recovery.

Several isolated compounds from Dioscorea nipponica demonstrate significant antioxidant activity in laboratory testing.

Researchers have identified multiple compounds capable of scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage.

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4. May Help Preserve Lean Muscle

Rather than acting like an anabolic steroid, Dioscorea Makino appears to help maintain muscle by reducing the pathways responsible for muscle breakdown.

Researchers observed decreases in proteins responsible for muscle degradation while simultaneously encouraging muscle cell development.

This is why many formulators position Dioscorea Makino as an ingredient that supports an anabolic environment rather than directly increasing muscle protein synthesis.

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5. Traditional Joint Support

Long before bodybuilding supplements existed, Dioscorea nipponica was widely used for joint pain and rheumatic conditions.

Modern pharmacological studies have identified anti-inflammatory compounds that may help explain these historical applications.

Although more human clinical trials are needed, the traditional use is well documented.

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Human Research: What Do We Actually Know?

The honest answer is that human evidence is still fairly limited.

Most research has been conducted in:

• Cell cultures
• Animal models
• Traditional pharmacology studies

One notable human study involved a different species, Dioscorea esculenta, not D. nipponica. In that 8-week trial, trained sprint athletes taking 2,000 mg/day of Dioscorea esculenta alongside resistance training experienced greater increases in lean mass, strength, and circulating DHEA, free testosterone, and DHT compared with placebo.

These findings are interesting but cannot be directly applied to Dioscorea nipponica (Dioscorea Makino) because they are different species with different phytochemical profiles.

Overall, the current evidence for Dioscorea Makino is encouraging but not yet definitive. More randomized, placebo-controlled human studies are needed.

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Dosage

There is currently no officially established clinical dosage for Dioscorea nipponica extract.

Most commercial supplements provide between:

• 200–500 mg per day of standardized extract

Some specialized sports nutrition formulas use higher doses depending on the extract concentration and standardization.

Because products vary significantly in steroidal saponin content, following the manufacturer's recommended serving size is generally advised until more clinical research establishes optimal dosing.

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Potential Side Effects

Current research suggests Dioscorea nipponica is generally well tolerated when used appropriately.

Possible side effects may include:

• Mild digestive discomfort
• Nausea
• Upset stomach
• Loose stools (rare)

Because steroidal saponins may have biological activity, individuals who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking medications affecting hormones or immune function should consult a healthcare professional before using it.

Long-term human safety data remain limited.

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Does Dioscorea Makino Contain Steroids?

No.

Although the plant contains steroidal saponins, these are plant-derived phytochemicals, not anabolic steroids.

This distinction is frequently misunderstood.

The molecular structures resemble steroid hormones enough that pharmaceutical companies have historically used diosgenin extracted from Dioscorea species as a starting material to manufacture hormones in a laboratory. However, your digestive system cannot perform those same chemical conversions. Simply consuming Dioscorea Makino does not cause your body to manufacture testosterone, progesterone, or other steroid hormones.

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Is Dioscorea Makino Worth Taking?

Dioscorea Makino is an intriguing botanical with centuries of traditional use and a growing body of scientific research supporting its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and muscle-protective properties.

Current evidence suggests it may:

• Support muscle recovery
• Help reduce inflammation
• Combat oxidative stress
• Preserve lean muscle during periods of inactivity
• Complement resistance training

However, the evidence does not currently support claims that it dramatically increases testosterone or functions like anabolic steroids.

For athletes looking to optimize recovery and overall training adaptations, Dioscorea Makino appears to be a promising ingredient, particularly when included as part of a comprehensive supplement formula. As more high-quality human research becomes available, we'll gain a clearer understanding of where this unique botanical fits within evidence-based sports nutrition.

What Is Rybelatrim? A New Player in Weight Loss

 

Rybelatrim is making waves as one of the latest weight loss ingredients to hit the supplement market. It's featured in popular products like Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals’ Slimaglutide and is known for helping with fat loss and improving body composition. As more people look for effective weight management solutions, Rybelatrim is quickly gaining traction.

This ingredient, developed by Hi-Tech, is derived from sulforaphane—a natural compound found in cruciferous veggies like broccoli. Rybelatrim works as a GLP-1 receptor agonist, which means it helps regulate blood sugar, reduces appetite, and promotes fullness. This function is similar to prescription drugs like Ozempic, but Rybelatrim is available over the counter in supplements.

By targeting the GLP-1 pathway, Rybelatrim helps suppress appetite, leading to fewer calories consumed—key for weight loss. There are also potential benefits for blood sugar control. In this post, I’ll break down what Rybelatrim is, how it works, its benefits, side effects, and everything else you need to know.

Rybelatrim Benefits: What Makes It Different?

Rybelatrim isn’t your typical fat burner. It’s designed to work with your metabolism through GLP-1 receptor activation, giving it a unique edge in appetite and weight management. Here are the top benefits:

1. Appetite Suppression

Rybelatrim’s big selling point is its ability to help control cravings. By slowing down gastric emptying, it keeps you feeling fuller longer, making it easier to stay on track with your diet and avoid snacking.

2. Better Blood Sugar Control

It also improves your body’s insulin response, leading to better blood sugar regulation. Fewer spikes and crashes mean a more stable metabolism, which is important for anyone looking to lose weight and stay healthy.

3. Increased Fullness

Along with reducing hunger, Rybelatrim enhances the feeling of satiety. This helps control portion sizes and prevents overeating—a common struggle for many people trying to lose weight.

4. Support for Weight Loss

By curbing appetite and improving glucose metabolism, Rybelatrim helps you stick to a calorie deficit. It’s not a magic pill, but paired with a healthy diet and exercise, it can give you an edge over traditional fat burners that rely on stimulants.

5. Stimulant-Free

Unlike most fat burners that are packed with caffeine or other stimulants, Rybelatrim doesn’t amp up your heart rate. It’s a solid option for anyone sensitive to stimulants or looking to avoid the jittery side effects that come with them.

Potential Side Effects of Rybelatrim

Like any supplement, Rybelatrim may have some side effects, especially since it affects how your body manages hunger and insulin. Here are a few things to keep in mind:

• Digestive issues (like nausea)
• Low blood sugar
• Headaches
• Allergic reactions
• Drug interactions (especially for those on diabetes meds)

If you're considering Rybelatrim, it’s always a good idea to talk to a healthcare provider first, particularly if you’re on prescription medications.

Who Should Consider Using Rybelatrim?

Rybelatrim is a good fit for anyone looking to manage weight or improve metabolic health. Here are a few groups that might benefit:

• People struggling with cravings: Rybelatrim helps reduce hunger, making it easier to stick to a reduced-calorie diet.
• Individuals with blood sugar concerns: It can help regulate blood sugar levels, making it a solid option for those needing better glucose control.
• Stimulant-sensitive individuals: If you don’t handle caffeine or other stimulants well, Rybelatrim offers a non-stimulant solution for weight loss.

Rybelatrim vs. Other Popular Weight Loss Ingredients

Let’s see how Rybelatrim stacks up against more traditional weight loss ingredients.

Rybelatrim vs. DMHA

Rybelatrim takes a non-stimulant approach by targeting the GLP-1 receptor to suppress appetite and regulate blood sugar, making it ideal for those sensitive to stimulants. DMHA, on the other hand, is a potent stimulant that boosts energy, focus, and mood, but comes with more intense side effects like increased heart rate and potential crashes.

Rybelatrim vs. Caffeine

Caffeine boosts metabolism by increasing energy levels, but it can lead to anxiety or sleeplessness for some. Rybelatrim skips the stimulant angle and focuses on appetite control and blood sugar regulation, making it easier to use any time of day without interrupting sleep.

Rybelatrim vs. Garcinia Cambogia

Garcinia Cambogia is known for its appetite-suppressing effects, but Rybelatrim takes it further by also helping with insulin sensitivity. This makes Rybelatrim a better choice for people dealing with metabolic issues or insulin resistance.

Rybelatrim vs. Green Tea Extract

Green Tea Extract promotes fat burning through thermogenesis, while Rybelatrim focuses on curbing appetite and improving how the body processes glucose. This makes it more comprehensive for long-term weight management.

Rybelatrim vs. CLA

CLA is often used to reduce body fat and improve composition, but Rybelatrim tackles hunger and glucose management, offering quicker results in terms of reducing calorie intake.

Final Thoughts

Rybelatrim offers a fresh approach to weight loss without relying on stimulants or aggressive thermogenics. Its focus on appetite suppression, satiety, and blood sugar control makes it ideal for those struggling with cravings or maintaining a calorie deficit.

While no supplement will do all the work for you, Rybelatrim can be a helpful tool when combined with a balanced diet and regular exercise. As always, it’s smart to consult a healthcare provider before adding any new supplement to your routine, especially if you have any health concerns or are taking medications.

If you're looking for something new and effective, give Rybelatrim a try—it might be the missing piece in your weight loss journey.

What is CitraFuze?

 

A while back supplement maker REPP Sports removed DMHA from their Broken Arrow Pre-Workout supplement and replaced it with CitraFuze. More recently the brands all new RAZE Pre-Workout, a spinoff on the brands popular RAZE Energy Drink also got this new ingredient CitraFuze. We've had a number of people asking us, what is CitraFuze, so we decided to breakdown what CitraFuze consists of and what it does, and hopefully explain once and for all, what is CitraFuze.

CitraFuze is an ingredient which at least right now you'll only find in REPP Sports supplements and that's because it's the brands very own patented and branded stimulant. REPP Sports first announced this ingredient on Instagram back on March 5, 2020 when they stated, "Bet you haven't tried anything like it, with 5 different ingredients, CitraFuze is Repps new trademark stimulant to help take your workouts to the next level" even going as far as to call it "The Holy Grail of Stims". 

CitraFuze consists of 5 ingredients, those ingredients being Synephrine, Hesperidin, Naringin, and N-ethyl-L-glutamine, 2-(3,4-dihydroxphenyl)-3-5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one. These ingredients act as both stimulants and blood flow enhancer, while providing improved mood and lowered cortisol levels. 

CitraFuze was used as a replacement for DMHA and while Broken Arrow and RAZE Pre-Workout both do provide good energy with a nice pump, it's definitely not nearly as strong as DMHA.